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Google patents quantum gates to simulate particle physics

Google has patented a method for quantum computers to simulate complex physical systems by breaking down mathematical equations into specific quantum logic gates. The system uses a 'fermionic swap network' to efficiently model how particles move and interact, allowing researchers to calculate properties of materials or molecules that are too difficult for standard computers to handle.

Why it mattersThis improves the efficiency of quantum simulations, which could eventually help scientists design better batteries, drugs, or superconductors by accurately modeling how atoms behave.

In the filing’s own words

Methods, systems, and apparatus for simulating a physical system. A Hamiltonian describing the physical system is transformed into a qubit Hamiltonian describing a corresponding system of qubits, the qubit Hamiltonian comprising a transformed kinetic energy operator. The evolution of the system of qubits under the qubit Hamiltonian is simulated, including simulating the evolution of the system of qubits under the transformed kinetic energy operator by applying a fermionic swap network to the system of qubits. The simulated evolution of the system of qubits under the qubit Hamiltonian is used to determine properties of the physical system.

What exactly they claim (claim 1)

1. A method performed by a quantum computer comprising a system of qubits with linear nearest neighbor connectivity, the method comprising: implementing a Trotter step of evolution of the system of qubits under a qubit Hamiltonian by applying a fermionic swap network to the system of qubits, wherein applying the fermionic swap network comprises: applying a plurality of layers of fermionic simulation gates to the system of qubits to simulate a kinetic energy operator included in the qubit Hamiltonian, wherein each fermionic simulation gate is a quantum logic gate that operates on two qubits and is configured to perform, within a single gate operation, (i) a fermionic mode exchange between the two qubits and (ii) time evolution of the kinetic energy operator acting between the two qubits, applying multiple single qubit gates to the system of qubits to simulate single qubit terms in an external potential term and single qubit terms arising from an interaction term included in the qubit Hamiltonian, wherein the single qubit gates are interleaved between successive layers of the fermionic simulation gates; and measuring the system of qubits to determine an output of the Trotter step of evolution.

Facts

Company
Google (Google LLC)
Official title
Fermionic simulation gates
Patent number
US12725063B2
Application number
17859349
Filed
Jul 7, 2022
Granted
Sep 1, 2026
Inventors
1
Claims
17

Classified under

G06N 10/20 Physics & computingG06N 10/40 Physics & computingH10D 48/383 Electricity & electronics
Read the full filing (official PDF) ↗ Open in the Patent Tracker

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Summaries are simplified from the filing’s own abstract and first claim. A patent filing is not a product announcement.
Patent data and drawings: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). Nebula is not affiliated with or endorsed by the USPTO.